African-American singer, who recorded between c. 1903 and c. 1911.

"It is felt that the recordings of this pioneer African-American recording artist should be included in this volume, though it is unlikely that they are all of interest. Most have not been heard. No attempt has been made to determine the instrumentation of the studio orchestras which accompany some of the recordings. All named accompanists are British, except where otherwise specified." (Blues and gospel records 1890-1943 (1997), p. 343)