Real name: Иван Алексеевич Гарднер

Effective period / Period of releases: 1966

Musicologist renowned for his specialisation on Slavic music and Russian church singing and liturgy. Born 1898 in Sevastopol, Crimea ; died 1984 in Munich, Germany. Name in Russian: Иван Алексеевич Гарднер; in English usually as Ivan Gardner.
After the evacuation from Crimea in 1920, he lived in Belgrade, Carpathian Rus', the Holy Land, Vienna, Berlin and Munich.
He was a teacher of Greek language, liturgics and Orthodox liturgical singing in the seminaries of Belgrade and Cetinje (Montenegro).
From 1954 until the end of his days he taught Russian liturgical musicology at the University of Munich.