India

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Album Info

Release Date: 1955

Label: Columbia Masterworks

Titled "Indian Folk Music" on Labels and Booklet.

Catalog number KL-215 on front cover, spine, back cover, labels, and in booklet.

Gatefold sleeve with three-page booklet attached.


Scales and rhythms are illustrated graphically in the booklet. Each track is linked to a numbered place on the map on front cover (see image):

A1. Benares (1). Bhairavi mode.
A2. Mirzapur (2); recorded in Benares. Sung in Mirzapur style, village Hindi language.
A3. Benares. Sung in Hindi dialect.
A4. Benares. Bhartalla rhythm (tala).
A5. Northern India (3); recorded in Benares. Mohammedan song of Northern India, sung in Urdu.
A6. East Bengal (4). Hindi language.
A7. Rajputana (5); recorded in Benares. Hindi language.
A8. Nagpur Central Provinces (6); recorded in Nagpur, 1952, by All India Radio. Used by permission. Gond language.
B1. Benares. Tilanga mode.
B2. Pithapuram, Andhra province (7). Kamavardhani mode.
B3. Benares. Raga Brindavani-Sarang mode.
B4. Hyderabad (Deccan) (8). Shankara mode.
B5. Madras (9). Traditional Tamil devotional song, Kambodi Raga mode.
B6. Trivandrum (10). Saranga mode (C#).
B7. Trivandrum. Punnagavarali mode, finale in Kedara-Gaula mode. Sung in Malayalam language.
B8-B9. South of Madras (11); recorded in Madras. Part of a drama, Tamil language. First song in South Indian Todi scale, second song in Kambodi scale (both transposed in D).
B10. Benares. Folk variety of the Tritala rhythm.


Danielou's classification of the tracks:

I. Archaic survivals - A3, A4 and A8.
II. Village and temple music - A2, A5, A6, A7, B5, B8, B9, B10.
III. Art music of popular types - A1, B2, B3.

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